The 5G (NR, or New Radio) Public Warning System (PWS) leverages the advanced technologies and high-speed data transmission capabilities of 5G networks to provide timely and accurate emergency warning information to the public. This system plays a vital role in disseminating alerts during natural disasters (such as earthquakes and tsunamis) and public safety incidents, aiming to mitigate disaster losses and protect people's lives.
System Overview
The Public Warning System (PWS) is a communication system operated by government agencies or relevant organizations to send warning messages to the public during emergencies. These messages can be disseminated through various channels, including radio, television, SMS, social media, and 5G networks. The 5G network, with its low latency, high reliability, and large capacity, has become increasingly important in the PWS.
Message Broadcasting Mechanism in 5G PWS
In 5G networks, PWS messages are broadcast through NR base stations connected to the 5G Core Network (5GC). The NR base stations are responsible for scheduling and broadcasting warning messages, and using paging functionality to notify User Equipment (UE) that warning messages are being broadcast. This ensures rapid dissemination and wide coverage of emergency information.
Main Categories of PWS in 5G
Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System (ETWS):
Designed to meet the warning notification requirements related to earthquake and/or tsunami events. ETWS warnings can be categorized as primary notifications (brief alerts) and secondary notifications (providing detailed information), providing timely and comprehensive information to the public during emergencies.
Commercial Mobile Alert System (CMAS):
A public emergency alert system that delivers emergency alerts to users through commercial mobile networks. In 5G networks, CMAS operates similarly to ETWS but may cover a broader range of emergency event types, such as severe weather and terrorist attacks.
Key Features of PWS
Notification Mechanism for ETWS and CMAS:
Both ETWS and CMAS define different System Information Blocks (SIBs) to carry warning messages. Paging functionality is used to notify UEs about ETWS and CMAS indications. UEs in RRC_IDLE and RRC_INACTIVE states monitor ETWS/CMAS indications during their paging occasions, while in RRC_CONNECTED state, they also monitor these messages during other paging occasions. ETWS/CMAS notification paging triggers the acquisition of system information without delaying until the next modification period, ensuring the immediate dissemination of emergency information.
ePWS Enhancements:
The enhanced Public Warning System (ePWS) allows broadcasting language-dependent content and notifications to UEs without a user interface or unable to display text. This functionality is achieved through specific protocols and standards (e.g., TS 22.268 and TS 23.041), ensuring that emergency information reaches a broader user base.
KPAS and EU-Alert:
KPAS and EU-Alert are two additional public warning systems designed to send multiple concurrent warning notifications. They utilize the same Access Stratum (AS) mechanisms as CMAS, and the NR processes defined for CMAS are equally applicable to KPAS and EU-Alert, enabling interoperability and compatibility between systems.
In conclusion, the 5G Public Warning System, with its efficiency, reliability, and extensive coverage, provides robust emergency warning support to the public. As 5G technology continues to evolve and improve, the PWS will play an even more crucial role in responding to natural disasters and public safety incidents.
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Post time: Aug-09-2024